used without permission, for "fair use" only

Sabor

by Zivko Gruden

Feral Tribune, Split, Croatia, November 24 1997

It is not true that president Tudman, by proposing the change in the name of the Parliament, reached out for the name used during NDH [Independent State of Croatia, fascist puppet state in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina during W.W.II] , because "Croatian state parliament" has also existed under that name in other periods of Croatian history, not only during NDH. This has been the unanimous claim of all pro-regime Croatian media, from Croatian TV to Vjesnik, which have dedicated commentaries and editorials to this topic and backed them up with an expert article written by Dr. Mirko Valentic head of the Croatian Institute for History.

After reading all those articles, the readers and listeners could come to only one conclusion: Croatian parliament has never been called Croatian state parliament except during NDH! If that was not the case, at least one of the authors of numerous articles would have explicitly stated in which period of history the Croatian parliament bore the name "Croatian state parliament". Otherwise, the evidence about the name of the Croatian parliament would not boil down to claims that someone some time in the past used the name "Croatian state parliament" or that the name "Parliament of the three-part kingdom..", or "Parliament of Kingdoms Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia", actually meant "Croatian state parliament".

If this was the acceptable evidence for the name of Croatian parliament in various times in history, then we can expect that in ten, fifty, hundred or two hundred years, with the same expertise and intellectual honesty, someone will claim that the Croatian parliament in the early nineties, immediately after the establishment of the independent Croatian state, was called "Croatian state parliament". Some future journalists, publicists and historians will, following the example of their famous ancestors and our contemporaries, try to prove such claims by stating that such name was used by the then representatives in the parliament Vice Vukojevic and Ante Dapic, and above all, that the name "Parliament of the Republic of Croatia" actually meant "Croatian state Parliament".

Naturally, in the future, some bores will persist in splitting hairs and ask: "Well, if the then name 'Parliament of the Republic of Croatia' actually meant 'Croatian state parliament', why was it changed into 'Croatian state parliament'?"

Some may look for an answer in the period in which the Croatian parliament truly had the name Croatian state parliament, wondering what that parliament was like and why was it given such a name. In historical books, they will find that Croatian state parliament was established near the end of January 1942 by the decree of the Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia [NDH] Dr. Ante Pavelic and that the parliament only had three sessions, one in February, when it was constituted, another one in April, to commemorate the first anniversary of the establishment of NDH, and the last one in December 1942, when it was disbanded. They will also find out that Poglavnik personally appointed all members of the parliament and that a majority of members were the officials in the Ustashe movement. Addressing the representatives, Poglavnik stated that Croatian state parliament marks the rebirth of "an ancient Croatian populist institution" and that it was established thanks to the "great and god given leaders Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, whose names will be recalled by the numerous future generations of Croatians with enthusiasm and gratitude".

The main constitutional theoretician in NDH Eugen Sladovic wrote on that occasion that "Croatian state parliament was not established as an institution of the democratic political system nor as a place for competition between political parties, but as a representative of different classes in Croatian people" and that the executive government made up from "the state leader, Poglavnik, and the state government" had a leading role and was "independent from the state parliament". "All the power in the state" emphasized Sladovic "is in the hands of Poglavnik, who is the head and representative of the state and state leadership", while the editor-in-chief of Spremnost, Tijas Mortigjija, clarified that "Croatian state parliament is not based on liberal-democratic and parliamentarian system but the ancient institution of the Croatian people".

Developing the Ustashe cult of the state and Pavelic's teachings that "individuals, persons, people are worthless unless they are a part of an ethnic community" and that "the state, as the most developed version of the ethnic community cannot serve to improve the well-being of individuals; rather, the focus of the state must be the well-being of the community", Minister of Justice, Mirko Puk wrote that the "authoritarian state" which rejects "legal theories that all people are born equal" suits the Ustashe ideology and that, accordingly, "new legal system must be led by the principle of leadership, so-called Fuhrer-principle, which demands that the legal system be based on the existence of superior individuals in the nation".

In situations when the names from the more or less recent, dark or bright past are brought forward to the present, one must ask the following question: are these simply words? Are words ever simply words? Regarding the proposed "linguistic" modifications in the Constitution, someone posed the following question at the recent discussion organized by Forum 21: Is Croatia going toward 21st century or toward 7th century?


translated on 12/17/97


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